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Showed that the nucleus of an atom also contains a neutron. This partical has no charge and almost has the same mass as a proton. This discovery made it possible to created elements that are heavier than uranium, and it inspired other physicists such as Enrico Fermi.
http://wwwlapp.in2p3.fr/neutrinos/neutimg/nacteurs/chadwick.jpg
He helped to increase the modern knowledge of the atom and its structure, and he worked on the Manhattan Project(the first atomic bomb). While working on this project, he changed his name to Nicholas Baker for security reasons, and he got to discuss the project with president Franklin Roosevelt.
http://www.mlahanas.de/Physics/Bios/images/NielsBohr1.jpg
Rutherford conducted other experiments and found that inside the nucleus of an atom was a proton. He said that this small particle had a charge of +1.
http://sol.sci.uop.edu/~jfalward/physics17/chapter13/nucleus.jpg
American physicist who experimented with the measurement and charge of electrons. He determined that the charge of an electron (-) and the mass of an electron is 1/1840 the mass of a hydrogen atom.
http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/06/images/061128.millikan.jpg
J.J. Thompson creates the theory of the atom, and states that electrons are like negatively charged "plumps" in a positively charged "pudding". This meaning that the entire atom is neutral. He actually conducted this experiment before the nucleus was discovered.
http://www.doe.mass.edu/mcas/images/db/07chemHSq25.gif
He discovered X-Rays, which are a powerful type of radiation with rays of energy that can pass through materials like skin. In 1896, the first medical x-ray machine was used. He prefers the term "x-rays" althought some languages uses the term "Röntgen Rays".
http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/Villa/4437/Wilhelm_Roentgen.gif
British physicist who discovered that the cathode "rays" were actually negatively charged particles in which he called "electrons". He discovered that these electrons were smaller than the atom. Because he discovered electrons, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1906.
http://i.photo.empas.com/painphoto/painphoto_18/sp/309/JJ_Thomson.jpg
Created the cathode ray tube("Crookes tube") where the cathode "rays" were discovered. The tubes were connected with a voltage and the "rays" were seen flowing across in a glowing fashion. This was from cathode (-) towards the anode (+). These tubes became the television tubes for today.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Sir_William_Crookes_1902.jpg
Created the cathode ray tube("Crookes tube") where the cathode "rays" were discovered. The tubes were connected with a voltage and the "rays" were seen flowing across in a glowing fashion. This was from cathode (-) towards the anode (+). These tubes became the television tubes for today. He also worked on spectroscopy for most of his life.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Sir_William_Crookes_1902.jpg
He conducted an experiment which disproved the plum pudding model of the atom. In the experiment, he proved that atoms have an extremely small, positively charged nucleus and the rest of the atom was mostly empty. This famous experiment is called the "Gold Foil Experiment". Rutherford became known as the father of nuclear physics and won the nobel prize in chemistry in 1908.
http://vefir.mh.is/emjul/efni/nemverk/nemv-v07/Rutherford/Ernest_Rutherford2.jpg
First to use the word "radiation" when describing the strange energy source that comes from radioactive isotopes. She also discovered 2 new elements, Radium and Polonium and first used radioactive materials to help treat cancers. She won a nobel prize in physics and one in chemistry creating a record that still stands today. When she discovered polonium, she named it after her native country and when she discovered Radium, she created a Radium Institue(now called the Curie Institute of Oncology).
http://www.achievement.org/achievers/eli0/large/eli0-030.jpg
Created the modern atomic theory by experimentation(all matter is made of atoms, atoms of a particular element are the same size, and mass and chemical properties), found that atoms can be rearranged to form different compounds, and they cannot be created or divided into smaller particles(is no longer true today). He is also well-known for his research in color blindness.
http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=12457&rendTypeId=4
"Father of modern chemistry", created the Law of Conservation of Mass and the metric system, named Hydrogen & Oxygen, and was the first to list the elements. To help fund his scientific research, he worked as an investor and administrator of a tax collection company, he was a chairman of Discount Bank, and he was also a member of other aristocratic counsels. His wife of 13 years, Marie Lavoisier, helped him a lot in his lab. Died during the French Revolution.
http://www.general-anaesthesia.com/images/antoine-lavoisier.jpg
Alchemists tried to turn other elements into gold but never succeeded. Geber helped to establish the experimental method as well as the syntheses of hydrochloric and nitric acid, distillation, and crystallisation.
http://www.payvand.com/news/07/aug/Persian-Scientists_files/image008.jpg
First scientist to state that matter is made of atoms(tiny particles that cannot be created, destroyed, or further divided) He called them "atoma", which means indivisible units.
http://faculty.washington.edu/smcohen/320/Democritus.jpg
Thought that matter was air, fire, water, earth, or aether(stars and planets) It was later discovered that he was wrong and Democritus was right.
http://www.empirecontact.com/magicstar/Aristotle.jpg
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