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The toppling of the Berlin Wall all began in November, 1989 when the East German authorities allowed its citizens free passage to West Germany for the first time since the city was separated into East and West in 1945. Triggered by massive political changes occurring in and around the Soviet Union this step was itself the catalyst for a popular movement.
Gorbachev served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, and aslo as the last head of state of the USSR, having served from 1988 until its collapse in 1991.
The dissmantling of the Soviet Union into independent nations began early in 1985. After years of Soviet military buildup at the expense of domestic development, economic growth was at a standstill.
The 1980 Olympic Games were well known for the largest boycott of an Olympics in history. After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979, the United States and 61 other countries decided to boycott the Olympics (France, Italy, and Sweden did not join the boycott). The British Government boycotted the games, however, the athletes went against the wishes of the then ‘Thatcher’ government and went in their own right without government blessing.
Canada did not fight in the Vietnam War. The country's troop deployments to Vietnam were limited to a small number of national forces in 1973 to help enforce the Paris Peace Accords.
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons is fundamental to Canada's nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation policy. The 1970 NPT is the only international treaty that does not allow the proliferation of nuclear weapons and in which the five nuclear-weapon States: the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France and China – commit to nuclear disarmament.
The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation between the Soviet Union, Cuba and the United States in October 1962, during the Cold War.
The Berlin wall went up in 1961. It divided East and West Berlin. It represented the split in both the country of Germany and the division of Europe into two distinct armed camps.
On Feb. 20, 1959, Prime Minister Diefenbaker stood before the House of Commons and made the unexpected announcement that the Arrow and Iroquois engine programs are terminated immediately. Members of Parliament greet the announcement with stunned silence
In the fall of 1958 Prime Minister Diefenbaker's Conservative government made an announcement of an agreement with the US to deploy in Canada 2 squadrons of the American ramjet-powered "Bomarc" antiaircraft missile.
The North American Air Defense Agreement, signed on May 12, 1958 by the United States and Canada, created a continental air defense warning and surveillance system in response to Cold War fears of an airborne attack by the Soviet Union.
Lester Bowles Pearson was honoured with the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize for his vision, bright mind, perseverance and skillful success in establishing an international police force to resolve the 1956 Suez Crisis.
Improvements in Soviet technology made the Pinetree Line and Mid-Canada Line unable to provide enough early warning and on February 15, 1954, the Canadian and American governments agreed to build a third line of radar stations (Distant Early Warning), this time running across the high Arctic.
The Korean war was a military conflict between the Republic of Korea, supported by the United Nations, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China, with military material aid from the Soviet Union. The war began on 25 June 1950 and an armistice was signed on 27 July 1953. The war occured due to the physical division of Korea by an agreement of the victorious Allies at the conclusion of the Pacific War at the end of World War II.
On April 4, 1949, the foreign ministers of Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and the United States formally signed the North Atlantic Treaty.
On Sept. 5, 1945, just after the second world war ended, a Russian cipher clerk named Igor Gouzenko fled the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa with 109 documents proving the existence of a Soviet spy ring in Canada. His revelations reverberated throughout the world and helped to ignite the Cold War.

