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1932 Chadwick discovered the neutron. Chadwick then determined that since the neutron did exist and that its mass was about 0.1 percent more than the proton's.
http://www.thocp.net/biographies/chadwick_james.htm
Around 1895 Marie and her husband worked on radiation experiments with uranium. In 1898 the Curies discovered polonium and radium, and in 1903 they shared the Nobel Prize for physics with Henri Becquerel. She was also the first to use the word "radiation"
http://www.answers.com/topic/marie-curie
Helped to better modern knowledge of the structure of the atom. He also worked on the first atomic bomb.
http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/95oct/nbohr.html
Rutherford and other scientists discovered that the hydrogen nucleus played a role in atomic structure. By the late 1920's physicists were regularly referring to hydrogen nuclei as 'protons'.
http://physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae46.cfm?CFID=10245092&CFTOKEN=61640017
Millikan conducted a series of experiments on cathode rays and after seeing that the light in the cathode ray tube is attracted to a positive charge and repelled by a negative charge he found that the rays consist of a stream of small, electrical negative charged particles which have a mass over a thousand times less than that of a hydrogen atom.
http://www.juliantrubin.com/bigten/millikanoildrop.html
scientists thought that positive particles might balance the negative particles. They also were curious about how many charged particles were in the atom. In the "Plum Pudding Model" each atom was a sphere filled with a positive charged fluid which was called the "pudding." In this fluid were electrons or the "plums."
http://library.thinkquest.org/28582/history/plum.htm
roentgen had been messing around with cathode rays when he discovery of X-rays, as well as their unique properties.
http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/people/Wilhelm_Roentgen.html
Thompson was a British physicist who discovered that cathode rays were actually electrons.
http://www.chemheritage.org/classroom/chemach/atomic/thomson.html
Crookes, a man of science. He invented the radiometer (a bulb that spins when placed in light).
http://www.answers.com/topic/william-crookes
Rutherford discovered alpha and beta rays, made the laws of radioactive decay, and alpha particles as helium nuclei.
http://www.chemheritage.org/classroom/chemach/atomic/rutherford.html
John was a English meteorologist who switched to chemistry when he discovered the applications for chemistry for his about the atmosphere. He proposed the Atomic Theory in 1803 stated that all matter is made of atoms. Atoms of a given element have a unique characteristic and weight, and 3 types of atoms exist: simple, compound, and complex.
http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Dalton.html
French chemist who, became the father of modern chemistry. He established the Law of Conservation of Mass. Named oxygen and hydrogen, and developed the metric system. Married 13 year old Marie-Ann, translated from English for him.
http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Lavoisier.html
Alchemy incorporated many elements of magic and religion. It first appeared in Europe after the Moorish conquest of Spain. The focus of alchemy was to search for methods to transform one substance to another. For example turning other metals into gold.
http://www.bookrags.com/research/alchemists-seek-gold-and-everlastin-scit-021234/
First set forth the existence of an ultimate particle. He used the word "atomos" to describe this particle. Democritus also discovered they couldn't be created, destroyed, or further divided.
http://cstl-csm.semo.edu/mcgowan/ch181/atomhist.htm
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