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Microscopes had already existed in the 1600s however the advancements in technology from the industrial revolution brought forth improvements and more powerful microscope lenses that made it possible to see things magnified 1000 times.
This helped the chemist Louis Pasteur achieve a great scientific discovery. He found that vats of beer kept going bad at a local brewery due to micro-organisms. This discovery is the reason why we have pasteurized milk today - heated to kill harmful bacteria.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/19348796/Medicine-and-the-Industrial-Revolution
From an estimated amount of 230 million people in 1 A.D, world population reached 1 billion in 1830.
This was during the industrial revolution - population from here started to increase due to advancements in medicine to help cure the many problems that arose because of poor living conditions (diseases, crowded population, etc.) of the cities in the industrial revolution.
This was the first mark of the still-growing population which has reached to 6 billion today.
http://www.history.com/topics/overpopulation
Tuberculosis was the greatest killer in the cities - a lung disease that was triggered by the poor living conditions and sanitation of the cities of the industrial revolution. Between 1800 and 1850 only, the disease was responsible for a third of those who died in Britain.
Because of tuberculosis and some other diseases that were apparent during the industrial revolution, efforts were made by scientists to help counteract illnesses and improve living conditions for workers and habitants. These efforts to discover the illness and cures are one of the key ideas of the scientific revolution.
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/diseases_industrial_revolution.htm
Until the 19th century, vaccination didn't exist. Inoculation was used as a method to prevent smallpox. Edward Jenner (also known as "Father of Immunology") found that dairymaids suffering from cowpox (a much less dangerous disease) were immune from smallpox. From this observation he developed the first smallpox vaccine.
The fact that his invention was made due to an observation follows the scientific theory which is one of the main aspects of the scientific revolution - the smallpox vaccine was a modern scientific discovery. Jenner's discovery helped prevent a deadly disease that was existent during the industrial revolution. By 1852, his vaccine became compulsory in Britain and it is now wiped out as a disease.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/19348796/Medicine-and-the-Industrial-Revolution
Due to urbanization, deforestation was one of the many harm done to the environment to turn make England a more convenient place for people to work in factories and live in. Trees were cut not just to make space for land but also for other aspects of living such as heating.
This helped turn England into a city where many people were able to live in convenience but on the other hand, became the start of the wrecking of an environment.
http://socyberty.com/history/cultural-economic-and-political-impacts-of-industrial-revolution/
A significant development during the industrial revolution was the use of hydrocarbon fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas.
Although this helped greatly with the machinery in the factories, it also contributed heavily to the amount of pollution in the air. This affected the lives of people living in the cities as the air they were breathing turned black. It made cities a difficult environment for people to live in although it was designed as a place of convenient homes.
http://www.eh-resources.org/timeline/timeline_industrial.html
Although both blast furnaces and pig iron were existent in ancient times, Abraham Darby was the one who developed this method by fueling with coke instead of charcoal.
This helped greatly in the industrial revolution as coke pig iron was much affordable than charcoal pig iron. As well as playing a huge role in the industrial revolution due to the resource he created, his idea and discovery was also significant in the scientific revolution.
His use of a coal-fueled machine for iron was one of the key factors of the industrial revolution.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_revolution
"Men have sought to make a world from their own conception and to draw from their own minds all the material which they employed, but if, instead of doing so, they had consulted experience and observation, they would have the facts and not opinions to reason about, and might have ultimately arrived at the knowledge of the laws which govern the material world"
Known as the "Father of Modern Science" Bacon believed, through his scientific theory, that machinery was the solution to reduce labor and concentrate it somewhere else. These ideas lead to the mass-producing machineries of the industrial revolution. If it weren't for him the purpose of the industrial revolution would not have been thought of and hence it would not have happened.
http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture17a.html
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