Factory workers had very few rights and worked in horrible conditions for little pay. To fight this they built unions, but in England were not allowed to strike. Finally in 1875 they won the right to strike and peacefully protest.
Germany had many important resources in the Ruhr Valley. They linked these to growing cities through trains. Germany became an economic giant and along with this became a military giant.
The United States had many advances before the Civil War, but stayed mainly agricultural. After the war it experienced a boom of new technology, including the light bulb and telephone.
The Communist Manifesto was a 23 page pamphlet that explained communism, an extreme form of socialism. It argued that everybody should be completely equal. The pamphlet had little effect until the 1900s when it inspired many revolutionaries.
Watt joined with Matthew Boulton, who was an entreprener, to create the Boulton-Watt, a much more efficient, fast steam engine. The Boulton-Watt could be used for trains, boats, and other forms of transportation.
John Kay invented a shuttle that could fly back and forth on wheels doubling the amount of work a weaver could do. This led to many more machines that transformed the textile industry.
During the Industrial Revolution new farming methods were invented. Jethro Tull created a seed drill which allowed farmers to sow seeds in rows which boosted the crop yields.
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