Pedro the first was pressed by the Portuguese government but refused and defied them. in 1824 he also granted Brazil their first constitution. Brazilian independence was won without bloodshed .
Napoleon is defeated at the battle of Waterloo. He is then exiled to St.Helena after his 100 day abdication. He then dies, what he dies from is controversial but it was most likely from a stomach ulcer or arsenic poisoning.
Iturbide was originally a military officer who fought for the Spanish but eventually switched to the revolutionaries as he feared the Spanish would take away his power if they were victorious. After 10 years of fighting Iturbide is victorious and is made emperor Agustin the first of Mexico.
Jose de San Martin was fighting against the Spain in South America. He was a soldier who fought against Napoleon in Spain. When he returned home his disliked that his home country was ruled by the Spanish. He eventually would lead the independence movement of Argentina.
Simon Bolivar was influenced from the success of the revolutions in Central America and the United States. While in Rome he made a pledge to liberate south America. For the the next 10 years he led a series of military campaigns against the Spanish. Eventually in 1821 he defeated the Spanish in northern South America.
A priest named Miguel Hidalgo first spoke about Mexican independence in a small town of southern Mexico. Hidgalo rang a bell in his home town which gathered the members of his community into the churchyard. He then spoke of revolution and death to bad government. Eventually Hidgalo was captured and executed.
Haiti was originally called Saint Domingue and was very valuable to France as a sugar export. But most of the labor on the island was done by slaves. Napoleon sent a general to regain power. After months of struggle, the revolutionaries declared there independence and named their country Haiti.
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