Paige's personal timeline, a place to collect and share things from Paige's life.
Created by paigerhodes on Apr 28, 2010
Last updated: 05/02/10 at 09:50 PM
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Nicholas Nixon takes his first annual photograph of his wife and her sisters
110-format cameras introduced by Kodak with a 13x17mm frame
FIrst color instant film developed by Polaroid; Instamatic released by Kodak; first purpose-built underwater introduced, the Nikonos
Garry Winogrand begins photographing women on the streets of New York City.
Nikon F introduced
Hasselblad in Sweden offers its first medium-format SLR for commercial sale; Pentax in Japan introduces the automatic diaphragm
The Polaroid camera was developed by Edwin Land.
Kodak introduces Kodacolor for making color prints
Fuji Photo Film founded. By 1938, Fuji is making cameras and lenses in addition to film
Leitz markets a derivative of Barnack's camera commercially as the "Leica", the first high quality 35mm camera. This made amateur photography very popular.
Leitz markets a derivative of Barnack's camera commercially as the "Leica", the first high quality 35mm camera. This made amateur photography very popular.
Man Ray begins making photograms ("rayographs") by placing objects on photographic paper and exposing the shadow cast by a distant light bulb; Eugegrave;ne Atget, aged 64, assigned to photograph the brothels of Paris
Nippon Kogaku K.K., which will eventually become Nikon, established in Tokyo.
Oscar Barnack, employed by German microscope manufacturer Leitz, develops camera using the modern 24x36mm frame and sprocketed 35mm movie film.
Lewis Hine hired by US National Child Labor Committee to photograph children working mills
The first commercial color film, Autochrome plates, manufactured by Lumiere brothers in France. Autochrome produced transparencies (slides) that could not be enlarged very much without showing the grain of the starch dyes used to create the image. It took 50 times longer to expose than black and white film!
Availability of panchromatic black and white film and therefore high quality colour separation colour photography. Panchromatic film is film which is sensitive to light of all colours. Early photographic materials were sensitive to blue only (as well as UV). It was found that the addition of certain dyes could extend this to green light, and further work with dyes discovered some which could also make it sensitive to orange and then red light.
Maddox received the Royal Photographic Society's Progress Medal for inventions that led to the foundation of the dry plate and film industry. He had freely made his ideas known, and never patented the process; sadly he ended his days in poverty.
Kodak Brownie box roll-film camera introduced. George Eastman opened the world of amateur photography with the development of the box camera. Roll film was sealed in the camera, which had to be returned to the factory for removal and developing.
Improved Kodak camera with roll of film instead of paper. Flexible film replaced the clumsy, heavy glass plates
First Kodak camera, containing a 20-foot roll of paper, enough for 100 2.5-inch diameter circular pictures. The camera was simple, with just a box, a lens, a cord and a button to release it and a crank to advance the film. When the film was used up, the whole camera was sent to the Eastman Kodak Company, where it was developed, reloaded and returned, ready for another 100 photographs. The name, 'Kodak' incidentally, doesn't mean anything. Eastman always liked the letter 'K' and he felt it would be easy for people to remember the name.
George Eastman, age 24, sets up Eastman Dry Plate Company in Rochester, New York. First half-tone photograph appears in a daily newspaper, the New York Graphic.
Dry plates being manufactured commercially.
Edweard Muybridge, born in England as Edward Muggridge used time-sequenced photography of Leland Stanford's horse. Muybridge invented this device known as a 'zoopraxiscope', which produced a series of images of a moving subject. It is said that he did so to settle a bet among rich San Franciscans. The bet was whether or not running horses lifted all four hooves off the ground at one time. By photographing a horse with the zoopraxiscope, he proved they do!
Richard Leach Maddox, an English doctor, proposes the use of an emulsion of gelatin and silver bromide on a glass plate, the "dry plate" process.
The US Congress sent photographers out to the West. Jackson used "wet-plate" or collodion processing, which required performing all the necessary operations on the spot, because development could not wait. However, this process gave him the advantage of seeing his work immediately-he could take the same picture over and over until nightfall if necessary, making any changes that he wanted to until he was satisfied. In documenting the geological formations of Yellowstone, Jackson also had to think about the aesthetic and promotional impact of his images.
Ducas de Hauron publishes a book proposing a variety of methods for color photography.
Mathew Brady and staff covers the American Civil War, exposing 7000 negatives. Soon after the collodian process and daguerrotype process were developed, photography took off! Cameras were wheeled into studios and onto battlefields. This was the first American conflict to be captured by photography.
Scottish physicist James Clerk-Maxwell demonstrates a color photography system involving three black and white photographs, each taken through a red, green, or blue filter. The photos were turned into lantern slides and projected in registration with the same color filters. This is the "color separation" method.
Direct positive images on glass (ambrotypes) and metal (tintypes or ferrotypes) popular in the US. Ambrotypes were direct positives, made by under-exposing collodion on glass negative, bleaching it, and then placing a black background - usually black velvet, occasionally varnish - behind it. Though Ambrotypes slightly resemble Daguerreotypes, the method of production was very different, and Ambrotypes were much cheaper and less exposure time was needed
The beginning of stereoscopic era (the world in 3-dimension!)
Adolphe Disderi develops carte-de-visite photography in Paris, leading to worldwide boom in portrait studios for the next decade.
Nada (Felix Toumachon) opens his portrait studio in Paris
Frederick Scott Archer, a sculptor in London, improves photographic resolution by spreading a mixture of collodion (nitrated cotton dissolved in ether and alcoohol) and chemicals on sheets of glass. Wet plate collodion photography was much cheaper than daguerreotypes, the image was still high quality, and the negative/positive process permitted unlimited reproductions. The process was published but not patented.
Talbot patents his process under the name "calotype". His process produced a negative image on paper treated with silver compounds. The exposed paper was then placed over a second sheet of paper and exposed to a bright light, producing a positive image. This process enabled photographers to make multiple copies of a single image. This was not possible with a daguerreotype, which produced a positive image directly on a metal plate. The downside to the calotype is that since it was transferred through a paper negative, it wasn't as clear as the daguerrotype.
Louis Daguerre creates images on silver-plated copper, coated with silver iodide and "developed" with fumes of hot mercury; Daguerre is awarded a state pension by the French government in exchange for publication of methods and the rights by other French citizens to use the Daguerreotype process
Henry Fox Talbot creates permanent (negative) images using paper soaked in silver chloride and fixed with a salt solution. Talbot created positive images by contact printing onto another sheet of paper.
NiŽpce creates a permanent image
NicŽphore NiŽpce combines the camera obscura with photosensitive paper. He developed an emulsion (a light senstitive solution) out of a kind of asphalt. Instead of turning black, like Schulze's experiment, this material is hardened by light. He coated a glass or pewter plate with his emulsion and exposed it to light inside a small version of the camera obscura. The exposure time lasted eight hours! He then washed it with solvents. The solvents dissolved the unexposed emulsion, producing a print.
Thomas Wedgwood makes "sun pictures" by placing opaque objects on leather treated with silver nitrate; resulting images deteriorated rapidly, however, if displayed under light stronger than from candles.
Sweedish chemist, Carl Scheele repeated Schulze's experiments. He also discovered that ammonia would dissolve the silver chloride and leave the image intact. With this second discovery, the basic chemistry for photography was established. The ammonia fixed the image.
Professor Johann Schulze mixes chalk, nitric acid, and silver in a flask; notices darkening on side of flask exposed to sunlight. Accidental creation of the first photo-sensitive compound. (a glow in the dark stone)
Camera obscuras in frequent use by artists and made portable in the form of sedan chairs
Portable versions of this camera were developed
The brightness and clarity of camera obscuras improved by enlarging the hole inserting a telescope lens
The basic design of the cameras we use today has been used since the 15000s
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