Nyota Uhura, whose name means "star" and "freedom".
Nyota Uhura served as communications officer aboard the USS Enterprise under the command of James T. Kirk for nearly thirty years.
http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Uhura
Hikaru Sulu was born in the city of San Francisco, Earth, in 2237.
http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Sulu
James Tiberius ("Jim") Kirk was a Human born on March 22nd, 2233 (stardate 1277.1), the son of George and Winona Kirk. His parents named him after his maternal grandfather James and his paternal grandfather Tiberius. He spent much of his childhood in Iowa, and thus considered himself to be from there.
http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/James_Kirk
Spock was born in 2232 in the city of Shi'Kahr on the planet Vulcan. His mother was Amanda Grayson and his father, Sarek, was a Vulcan scientist and diplomat.
http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Spock
Leonard McCoy was born in the "Old South" region of North America on Earth, in 2227. He served aboard the USS Enterprise as the ship's surgeon and chief medical officer.
http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Leonard_McCoy
Montgomery Scott was born in Scotland, on Earth in 2222.
http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Montgomery_Scott
Sarek of Vulcan spent most of his life in service of the Vulcan people as an ambassador and representative on the Federation Council. He was also well-known as the father of noted Starfleet officer (and fellow diplomat) Spock.
http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Sarek
http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/United_federation_of_planets
The Earth-Romulan War is fought between the United Earth and its allies, and the Romulan Star Empire. The war ends in a stalemate though the Romulans are defeated at the Battle of Cheron. The Romulan Neutral Zone is established.
http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Earth-Romulan_War
The Vulcan ship T'Plana encounters a Class 5 neutronic storm and is lost with all hands. (Over a hundred years before "The Catwalk")
The Los Angeles area is submerged under 200 meters of water following the Hermosa Quake. The region becomes the largest coral reef on the planet. ("Future's End, Part 1" (VOY))
The sport of baseball meets its demise as the last World Series is held. ("If Wishes Were Horses" (DS9))
The Lunar Colonies are founded (Star Trek Star Charts, p. 32) One of the first colonies established on the Moon is New Berlin. (major city by 2140's "First Flight")
NASA launches a deep-space exploration vessel, the Charybdis, with Colonel Steven Richey in command. This is the third mission of its kind to depart Earth in an attempt to travel beyond the orbit of Pluto. The first two were unsuccessful. ( Enterprise exploration timeline, "Casino Royale" ).
The crew of the Enterprise NX-01, as a result of a failed attempt to use a subspace corridor to meet with Degra's ship, are thrown back in time 117 years to this point. Realizing they cannot return through the corridor, and cannot head to Earth without contaminating the timeline, they plan to stay in the vicinity of the Expanse training their descendents to one day stop the Xindi from destroying Earth. (117 years before "E2")
Zefram Cochrane, inventor of the warp drive, is born. ( Enterprise exploration timeline 87 years before 2119),
The Dax symbiont is born on Trill. Dax's first host is Lela Dax, who becomes the first woman to serve on the Trill Council. (sources: "You Are Cordially Invited" (DS9), Star Trek Encyclopedia)
A Klingon Bird of Prey piloted by Kirk and his crew lands in San Francisco to take two humpback whales back to the future. (sources: Star Trek Chronology, Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home.)
Yuri Gagarin goes to space in Vostok 1.
The Space Age, and the so-called space race, begins when the USSR puts an artificial satellite, Sputnik-1, into orbit around the Earth. ( contemporary accounts, Enterprise exploration timeline )
The Andorians and Vulcans first encounter each other, leading to two centuries of border conflict. The initial contact is promising, but the Andorians prove to be duplicitous. (200 years before "Proving Ground")
The Cardassians achieve warp capability. (Star Trek Star Charts, p. 35)
Lt. Commander Data arrives from the future to investigate the invasion of 19th century San Francisco by life-forms from Devidia II in the 24th Century. ("Time's Arrow, Parts I and II")
The Scagarans abduct a group of humans from the American west and enslave them. (40 years prior to the Wright Brothers Flight - "North Star")
The Suliban homeworld, in sector 3641, becomes uninhabitable. The Suliban become a nomadic people, existing in pockets throughout the Alpha Quadrant. (300 years before "Broken Bow" )
HMS Enterprize, of the British Royal Navy is completed at Plymouth, England and is launched. (Historical accounts. A rendering of one of the four vessels named HMS Enterprize appears in the opening credits of Enterprise)
The Andorians achieve warp capability. (Star Trek Star Charts, p. 52)
The Klingons achieve warp capability. (Star Trek Star Charts, p. 55)
Update Sources