Recent Event Highlights: The Steam Engine/Locomotive, and 7 more...
Created by rgupta on 25/03/2011
Last updated: 26/03/11 at 22:50
Scurvy is a dental disease brought on by the lack of consumption of Vitamin C.
Scurvy has affected many sailors in the past who have forgotten to bring foods with vitamin C, this disease has sometimes stopped the transportation of goods overseas, and even killed off those who were unfortunate enough to get it.
Scurvy connects to both the Scientific Revolution and Industrialization. It connects to the Scientific Revolution because upon numerous repeated testings with scurvy and nourishment that would perhaps work as a cure for scurvy, the Scientific Method was used in the process and as a conclusion, consumption of citrus fruits or foods containing either citric or ascorbic acids would cure this disorder. As for Industrialization, transportation of goods overseas was problematic and sometimes failures of transportation cost people their jobs and numerous uproars and public riots such as in London on 1769.
Our world is different in numerous ways because of scurvy and now its found cure. Their are significantly obvious differences such as the (now) rare occurrence of this disease in an otherwise modern community. The only instances recorded of this happening in the present day is if a famine has happened or sometimes the disease is present within elderly citizens.
http://dev.planetseed.com/node/17132
Penicillin is the world's first antibiotic, it is a powerful drug produced by microbes used to treat infections brought on by bacteria.
Being an antibiotic, it treated major diseases such as rheumatic fever, scarlet fever and even pneumonia.
Penicillin connects to both the Scientific Revolution and Environmentalism. It connects to the Scientific Revolution because both Joseph Lister and Alexander Fleming employed the Scientific Method to their experiments. They observed the mold killing bacteria, came up with a theory and conducted tests to approve or disprove their theories and later confirmed that it is bread mold that killed bacteria. It applies to Environmentalism because Penicillin is a naturally occurring substance, bacteria cannot grow where it is present, therefore protecting creatures from bacterial harm.
Due to Penicillin's discovery, our world is different in many ways such as the fact that its development has led to further research and encouragement to acquire far more advanced antibiotics to protect both people and animals from harmful diseases. Many of these "new-age" antibiotics are already in our possession and widely available to the public. Penicillin has also impacted the world's death rate due to diseases positively as now lesser people are dying of it.
http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Scientific-Revolution/121393
A telephone is a telecommunications device that transmits and receives sound, the most basic function of this instrument is to connect two people who are a long distance from each other to one conversation.
The explicit benefit of this invention was that people could communicate over extremely long distances, at first this was possible by radio, but later on it was realized that radio broadcast frequencies had quite a small range compared to the worldwide connection abilities of Alexander Graham Bell’s phone. However (speaking modernly) the telephone has a certain disadvantage to it too. It proves to be quite time consuming for some, and the way that the phone is held by people has also caused certain physical disorientations involving the spinal cord and the neck area ceasing collaboration.
The telephone is related to both the Scientific Revolution and the Industrial Revolution. It is related to the Scientific Revolution because people thought at first that there was no other way of communicating other than perhaps sending pigeons with notes or walking/running miles and knocking on someone’s door to call them, they were disproved by theorists like Antonia Meucci and Johann Phillip, who said that there were ways to bring and send audio to people. It highly relates to the Industrial Revolution because it became a useful tool for managers to keep in contact with their widely dispersed businesses. When the telephone first debuted in 1876, network telephone lines were immediately installed throughout the United States to keep top notch communication between the people there, and to keep them one step ahead of the rest of the world.
The telephone is yet another invention which has changed the face of the world. How? At first the maximum people on a line or in a telephone conversation was two. Today, conference calls can be conducted involving up to 50 people on one line. Also, video calls are possible too. The dedication in evolving communication technology has brought us to acquiring the world’s greatest tool, the Internet. The Internet is the ultimate worldwide communication center, and all this started from an idea that one device could connect two people.
http://history-world.org/Industrial%20Intro.htm
Smallpox is a serious and contagious disease that causes a rash on the skin, all over the body, contact with this disease will cause in definite death, unless carrying vaccination.
Smallpox was and still is in some cases an extremely deadly and harmful disease exclusive only to humans. It caused increasing itching and immediate hospitalization was/is required. There is about a 12% chance of surviving from smallpox. About five million people have died due to the severe effects of smallpox.
This disease relates to both the Scientific Revolution and Environmentalism. It relates to the Scientific Revolution because its vaccine was created/discovered during that time period by its pioneer Edward Anthony Jenner, and English scientist who studied his natural surroundings in Berkeley. It relates to environmentalism because it is a naturally occurring disease, the virus of which has caused the death of millions, and the suffering of even more.
Our world is different in many ways because of this. One way is that due to the development of the vaccine, those who can afford to acquire it today (which is basically everyone living in a modernized society due to governmental policy of all citizens getting all necessary vaccinations) will be safe from the virus for the rest of their lifetimes. The disease smallpox itself, due to its severe effects, has given scientists and researchers motivation to further look into cures for such diseases and help mankind become immune to them. We have made significant progress within the past two centuries
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
A thermometer is an instrument/device used to measure the temperature or temperature gradient of a substance. It is normally used in medical cases when checking for fever (higher-than-normal body temperature) or even checking the temperature of water when cooking or perhaps even conducting an experiment.
It solved the problem of not being able to have a pre-warning when a patient was having an upcoming fever. Now we can easily tell that if the body temperature is over 36 degrees Celsius or 99 degrees Fahrenheit, a patient is acquiring a fever and is in need of medical treatment or medicine. Also due to this invention, we have managed to create new SI units or units of measurement. These are known as degrees Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin. These have helped us get past our basic assumptions of hot or cold and now we can describe temperature in terms of numbers.
The thermometer connects to both the Scientific Revolution and the concept of Environmentalism. It connects to the Scientific Revolution because it was made by Galileo Galilei (The version which used alcohol). However, a more advanced version containing Mercury was designed and invented at around the same time by none other than Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (From whose name the measurement ‘Fahrenheit’ emerged). Fahrenheit observed that the element Mercury (being a liquid metal) expanded as it was heated and contracted as it cooled. He then placed this substance in a glass unit which has a sensitive bulb on the end to detect heat. On the other hand it is also well related to Environmentalism because thermometers are also commonly placed outdoors and used in weather-detecting machines to observe any random or sudden weather changes which could alert people of an upcoming storm.
The invention of the Mercury Thermometer did in fact change the world since it (in a way) increased people’s life spans. At times sicknesses like rheumatic fever or cholera could occur; the thermometer aided in warning us of the presence of these sicknesses and therefore gave those in need TIME to diagnose the problem. In many cases in the past, people realized far too late that they had the sickness and were unable to take medication in time to fix it.
http://www.bookrags.com/tandf/thermoscopethermometer-tf/
The dictionary definition of a steam engine is that it is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid.
The steam engine, at its time really benefited the world because of one obvious reason – it provided faster transportation of goods and even people. Although at the time top speeds reached up to a mere 30 mph. People were still afraid to travel at such speeds. The steam engine (still used today as seen in India and many parts of Europe) provided a more efficient and easy way to travel for those who needed to get to their destinations quickly.
This relates to the Industrial Revolution and Environmentalism. It relates to the Industrial Revolution because firstly, its prototype was built during that time period by a man named James Watt. Watt experimented with rotary motion on a set of wheels as well as combining the design to a crank and flywheel. Also he used pistons to process the power that the steam provided and move the locomotive. It truly helped in the easy transportation of important goods over long distances too. In addition, although it does relate to Environmentalism too, it tends to relate in a negative manner since the smoke and dust combination from the trains caused severe pollution and damages to the Ozone Layer. Also there was a point when cities became so ‘smoky’ that people had to start wearing masks when entering the locomotive, and sometimes even when riding in it (Plenty of Carbon Monoxide was released which is significantly dangerous to the human body.)
Steam Engines have most definitely changed the world. There are many reasons supporting this. One is that because of this, other steam powered vehicles were successfully designed, like the steam-powered ship, the motor, etc. Furthermore, people tended to later crave for even faster modes of transportation, which they then managed to receive in the later years. If we compare what we have today in terms of what top speeds we can achieve in transportation, it is more than safe to say that we have made huge progress since the first automatic modes of transportation, but of course it was all inspired by James Watt’s steam locomotive.
http://inventors.about.com/od/indrevolution/ss/Industrial_Revo_4.htm
The dictionary definition of a steam engine is that it is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine, at its time really benefited the world because of one obvious reason – it provided faster transportation of goods and even people. Although at the time top speeds reached up to a mere 30 mph. People were still afraid to travel at such speeds. The steam engine (still used today as seen in India and many parts of Europe) provided a more efficient and easy way to travel for those who needed to get to their destinations quickly. This relates to the Industrial Revolution and Environmentalism. It relates to the Industrial Revolution because firstly, its prototype was built during that time period by a man named James Watt. Watt experimented with rotary motion on a set of wheels as well as combining the design to a crank and flywheel. Also he used pistons to process the power that the steam provided and move the locomotive. It truly helped in the easy transportation of important goods over long distances too. In addition, although it does relate to Environmentalism too, it tends to relate in a negative manner since the smoke and dust combination from the trains caused severe pollution and damages to the Ozon
A telescope is an instrument designed to aid the observation of remote objects by collecting some form of electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light).
This highly benefited both the scientific and public communities because of the fact that telescopes allowed us to experience a whole new way of looking at things. It showed us what is beyond the atmosphere of the Earth. And telescopes today have been launched out into space to do some exploring in terms of finding new worlds and moons. This also greatly impacted our knowledge about the world which was previously thought by the people to be a flat plane, because today we know that it exists as a spherical shape.
It is related to both the Scientific and Industrial Revolutions. It is related to the Scientific Revolution because it was at that time that a Dutch lens maker hit on an idea of putting two lenses together, each at the end of a tube. Galileo later read about this invention in a letter, and soon came up with a similar and more official design. It had ten times the magnification than that of the lens maker’s. Galileo was quite a crafty person seeing that he built such a model by simply reading a description about it from a letter. It is related to the Industrial Revolution because the discoveries made about planets, stars and galaxies all occurred during this very time period. Since telescopes at the time were considered to be ‘high tech machinery’, rebels from the time tended to destroy these as a form of revenge for low wages and lack of freedom.
The invention of a crucial device in today’s modernized world, the Telescope, has greatly impacted our world and the public opinion of it too. Today we have organizations like NASA who are designed for looking into space to find the mysteries of the universe. Also, thanks to the Telescope, we are able to come to conclusions involving the causes of the Earth’s natural phenomena, such as the fact that the world undergoes change of season because the Earth rotates tilted on its axis. Also we can tell that the northern lights which can be seen in Alaska are caused by abnormal electromagnetic absorption of the Sun’s ultraviolet rays.
http://www.boisestate.edu/courses/westciv/science/07.shtml
The microscope is an instrument/device that is used to identify micro organisms/microbes or objects that cannot normally be seen by a human's naked eye.
Microscopes highly benefited mankind, because it helped us understand the existence of even the tiniest of creatures (such as fleas). Most diseases are caused by microscopic viruses or microbes, and now that we can identify them they can now be more easily remedied. Also, microscopes have helped us discover and understand parts of our bodies which have remained unseen until recently. They have helped us look closely at living organisms and how they biologically function, and even how to repair biological disorders.
This connects to the Scientific Revolution as well as to Environmentalism. It connects to the Scientific Revolution because the first was founded based on combining two optical lenses positioned at a set distance, therefore magnifying each other and giving insight into the smaller world. The first official microscope was named or "coined" the 'compound microscope' which was used by Galileo Galilei. It was designed by Hans Janssen and Giovanni Faber. It is believed that Janssen wandered what it would be like to firstly combine lenses to 'super magnify' and view much smaller things, this is what lead to the discovery. It relates to Environmentalism because it (again) helped us understand nature, in its cellular/microbiological form. Also the discovery lead to the examining of microscopic contaminants in waste products, which people thought did not previously exist. This rose awareness among the public and helped people realize that waste products if dumped into natural waters would in fact harm the environment.
Our world is truly different in many ways because of this. At first it was a minor invention, and didn't really acquire much publicity. However as time went on the microscope became the main tool for scientists, and it became one of the most crucial tools in science and medicine. Also (like mentioned before) it introduced us to a whole new world of organisms and aided in further understanding how we and other living things function.
http://books.google.com/books?id=Qu616ZLawQIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=penicillin+scientific+revolution&source=bl&ots=Pk-AuyfeB2&sig=37zhrQ7cY4VDaRaWTCAyCGstyic&hl=en&ei=AOKMTanJE4jGswbajoSECg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false
Update Sources