Che's remains are located in Bolivia, returned to Cuba, and placed at a memorial in Santa Clara
-taken to schoolhouse, CIA arrived -executed by Mario Tehran in La Higuera -body taken to Vallegrande, buried anonymously by Bolivian army in a communal grave
-wrote "Message to the Tricontinental" calling for creation of many Vietnams - US sent Vietnam vets to Bolivia to train Bolivian troops -September: Regis Depray and Bustos tried for helping Che, going against gov. -October: 17 guerilla groups are wounded & captured -following day: murdered by Bolivian forces acting on orders from Washington -buried in unmarked grave with other guerilla fighters -October 8th = Day of the Heroic Guerilla in Cuba
-formed and trained group of commanders in Bolivia that would conduct guerilla operations throughout Latin America to create unification and help the third world -Mario Monje said that neither he nor the Bolivian Communist Party would support him
-After Che makes famous speech in Algiers stating that socialist countries should give free economic and military aid to 3rd world countries, Fidel meets with Che and sends him to Congo (Zaire) in support of a liberation movement -March/ April 1965: public senses that Che is no longer in Cuba -May 1965: mother Celia dies of cancer; major setback for Che -Che writes letter to FIdel detaching himself from Cuba
& heads off for an extensive trip around Africa - becomes prominent spokesperson for third world countries
-ties with Soviets and Eastern Europe grow stronger -economy begins to fail; USSR persuades Cuba to restart sugar production -sugar taken from Che's control (as Minister of Industry) -Fidel distances himself from Che -Fidel sends Che abroad as representative for Cuba around the world
-Che elected to National Directorate -visits USSR again
-becomes head of Ministry of Industry -heads Cuba's delegation to the Organization of American States (OAS) at Punta del Este, Uruguay, and denounces President Kennedy's Alliance for Progress
-Che, Raul, and Fidel crush US invading forces; humiliating defeat for US -Che appointed Minister of Industry -Cuba re-orients economy by diversifying crops
-US stops buying Cuban sugar crops; USSR buys Cuban sugar instead to support them -US declares trade embargo, w/draws diplomats -last traces of capitalism removed; Cuba becomes Communist Republic -travels to USSR, German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia, China, and North Korea
-marries Aleida March & has four children -appointed head of Institute of Agricultural Reform -becomes president of National Bank of Cuba -shows disdain for money -named military governor of La Cabanilla by Fidel -supervises trials of Batista's torturers, watches several hundred executions, considers executions to be "Revolutionary Justice" -divorces, remarries Aleida March - keeps socialist intentions secret to maintain support -appointed to head land redistribution
This occured after Bastista fled. Guevara began as head of the Industrial Department of the National Institute of Agrarian Reform, then as a president of the National Bank.
Che + army march to Havana from Sierra Madre with 200 men - victory at Santa Clara
1957: promoted to commander December 1958: leads Rebel Army to defeat Batista's forces
-first meets Raul Castro, who introduces him to Fidel -Fidel wanted to overthrow Batista, who promoted capitalism. Batista forbade free elections; Fidel revolted, was imprisoned, and gained amnesty two years later. -Guevara agrees to join Fidel's guerilla group that plans to overthrow the Batista dictatorship. Now called "Che" by the Cubans.
when he witnesses the overthrow of the democratically elected government in Guatemala. -Jacobo Arbenz is overthrown. -Che escapes to Mexico, where he contacts the exiled Cuban revolutionaries, marries Peruvian Hilda Gadea. -Hilda introduces him to Marx's ideas -Che and Hilda have a daughter named Hildita.
and sets out on another journey across Latin America, where he meets a Cuban Revolutionary and witnesses the Bolivian Revolution - sees poverty, blames capitalism
Caracas is the capital of Venezuela. It is also the place where Ernesto and Alberto split up, marking the end of their journey together. Che does not feel at home in Caracas like he does in other places such as Chile. He also mentions the racial tensions between the blacks, the Portuguese, and the Venezuelans.
Ernesto is reflecting upon the hostility in Colombia and mentions that everyone still acknowledges the date April 9, 1948 to commemorate Jorge Eliecer Gaitan. Gaitan was the leader of a Populist Movement in Colombia and was also the chief of the Colombian Liberal Party. He was murdered during a period of violent political unrest in Venezuela during 1948.
Ernesto writes his mom describing some of his encounters and adventures he had with Alberto
Garcia Lorca was a Spanish poet and dramatist that lived from 1898 to 1936. His poetry was seen as resistance to the Nationalist Regime under General Franco and was banned until after the Spanish Civil War. Garcia Lorca was abducted by nationalists and murdered in 1936. His death was seen as a crime against humanity during the Spanish Civil War.
This political party, centered in Peru, was composed of left-leaning citizens. This party was significant because it influenced several other revolutionary movements throughout Latin American and inspired the formation of other political parties such as the National Liberation Party of Costa Rica and Bolivia’s Revolutionary Nationalist Movement. In Peru, Che encounters an indigenous schoolteacher who was fired by the government for being an “Aprista,” or member of this party.
The Incan society was largely dependent on their advanced agricultural techniques. Their adaptation of agricultural technologies allowed them to grow crops on mountains, coasts, and in jungles. Among these techniques was the construction of artificial lagoons and terraces.
Quechua and Aymara are Native American languages that are widely spoken throughout Peru. Quechua was spoken widely throughout Central America before the fall of the Incan Empire and was used as the official language of the Incas. Quechua now holds the status of one of Bolivia and Peru’s official languages, and there are approximately 46 dialects of Quechua still spoken today.
Pan-Americanism was a movement that encouraged the unity and organization of American nations. It was brought about after Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin sought to unify the Latin American nations after the struggle for independence in 1810. The movement has recently evolves and now pushes for the coordination of efforts in solving specific problems. Examples of modern day Pan-American efforts include the Pan-American Health Organization and the Pan-American institute of Geography and History.
Machu Picchu was a city built by the Incas in the late 15th century. It served as the winter capital for the empire. It was built high up in the mountains, and displayed a magnificent example of terrace along the mountain. The city was occupied for only 100 years before it was abandoned by the Incas.
After a tedious journey in Chille, Ernesto continues his adventure in Tanca, Peru on March 24th. Ernesto and Alberto found transportation from a Civil Guard who was also transferring Indians, who were going to be sold.
"Santiago has more or less the same feel as Cordoba...." "We couldn't get to know the city well because we were there only a few days and were pressed for time with the many things we had to sort out before embarking once again." pg 66
-Chilean poet and politician, won Nobel Prize for literature in 1971, once called "the greatest poet of the 20th century in any language." - occupied diplomatic posts, served as senator for Chilean Communist Party -communism outlawed in Chile, warrant issued for Neruda's arrest, escaped to exile, later became close supporter of Salvador Allende.
The copper mine at Chuquicamata is the largest in the world. Before it was nationalized in 1970, the mine was controlled by a private American company. Whole towns of mining communities formed around the mine, similar to the coal mine towns in areas like West Virginia. The miners were extremely poor and would usually spend all their income to buy buy food and pay rent to the same company that operated the mine.
Roads leading to San Martin are snakey between low foothills. San Martin looked very poor and dirty. It was near dense woods. Also is next to Lake Lacar where the water is 35 meters wide and 500 kilometers long.
- Venezuelan journalist whose literary works summarize the social and political history of Venezuela - expelled from country and exiled in 1937 when Communism was banned from Venezuela - founded several leftist newspapers that caused a lot of discontent for the government.
-Che encounters a German couple in Argentina. -German migration to Argentina was very popular during five main time periods, one of which was after 1945, and most established careers as farmers.
Peronist Party - an Argentine political movement based on the ideas and programs associated with former President Juan Perón and his second wife, Spiritual Leader of the Nation of Argentina Eva Perón -based on fascist ideals.
Ernesto explains to his mom how he is worried because he has not heard from her. He tells her about San Martin and that he had a fever.
Ernesto and Alberto Granado, leave Cordoba in December and set out on a motorbike (La Poderosa) to reach North America
4500 km trip on motorbike
Chile's economy was horrible. They mainly produced copper. Farming lagged year after year. Their inflation rates were very high, while GDP was very low. During this decade, consumer prices rose on average of 36% per year.
The Chilean Communist Party was banned and many members persecuted under the so-called Law for the Defense of Democracy.
Ernesto altered his original plan to study engineering, and began studying at this medical school. While enrolled he held a series of part-time jobs, including working in an allergy treatment clinic.
at the University of Buenos Aires
from Buenos Aires (near Cordoba) due to his asthma
in Rosario, Argentina
It is the oldest party of the country with 94 years of existence, founded by Luis E. Recabarren is a Marxist-Leninist traditional party.
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