- Martin Luther posts his 95 theses
1517Martin Luther used these theses to display his displeasure with the Church's sale of indulgences, and this ultimately gave birth to Protestantism.
- John Calvin is born
1509John Calvin was a French Protestant theologian during the Protestant Reformation and was a central developer of the system of Christian theology called Calvinism or Reformed theology.
- Colombus first voyage
1492Christopher Columbus was an Italian navigator, colonizer and explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere.
- Copernicus begins his studies of the night sky
1491Nicolaus Copernicus was the first astronomer to formulate a scientifically-based heliocentric cosmology that displaced the Earth from the center of the universe.
- Raphael is born
1483Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.
- Leonardo De Vinci sets up his own workshop
1478Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italian polymath, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, painter, sculptor, architect, botanist, musician and writer.
- The invention of printing press
1439A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring an image.
- Gutenburg is born
1400Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg (c. 1398 – February 3, 1468) was a German goldsmith and printer who is credited with being the first European to use movable type printing, in around 1439, and the global inventor of the mechanical printing.
- Plague begins
1374The Black Death, or the Black Plague, was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, widely thought to have been caused by a bacterium named Yersinia pestis (Bubonic plague).
- Crusade end
1291They generally believe that while the Crusades were significant at the time, they didn't really change the face of Europe or the Middle East.
- Crusade begin
1095 Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents.
- Papacy declares that the Pope can be judged by no one
1075The office of the Pope is called the Papacy. In addition to his spiritual role as head of the Catholic Church, the Pope also has a temporal role as Head of State of the independent sovereign State of the Vatican City, a city-state and nation entirely enclaved by the city of Rome
- Battle of Hastings
1066The Battle of Hastings was the decisive Norman victory in the Norman Conquest of England.
- William the Conqueror is crowned
1066William I of England (1027[1] –September 9, 1087), better known as William the Conqueror (French: Guillaume le Conquérant), was Duke of Normandy from 1035 and King of England from 1066 to his death.
- The Church splits in two-Roman Chatholic and Eastern Orthodox
1054The church split into two parts: the Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox.
- Charlemagne's death
814 ADHe died January twenty-eighth, the seventh day from the time that he took to his bed, at nine o'clock in the morning.
- Charlenagne is crowned "Holy Roman Emperor"
800 ADCharlemagne helped define both Western Europe and the Middle Ages.
- Fall of Rome
Jan 2, 476 ADThe Decline of the Roman Empire, leading to the Fall of the Roman Empire, or the Fall of Rome, was the end of the Western Roman Empire.
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